NEW YORK (AP) — At the end of John Wayne’s classic Western “The Searchers,” his character walks away toward the West Texas horizon, lonesome and alone, reflecting a fundamental American tale of individualism. This narrative celebrates rugged individualists who endure hardships and thrive in solitude.
However, loneliness in America is increasingly recognized as a serious issue. U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy recently declared it an epidemic, equating its health risks to those of smoking. He pointed to several causes, including the decline of institutions, reduced church engagement, and the weakening of family ties. Recent challenges, such as social media, post-9/11 polarization, and the COVID-19 pandemic, have further intensified loneliness.
The 19th century saw early discussions about whether American individualism promotes alienation. Alexis de Tocqueville, in “Democracy in America,” noted that as social conditions became more equal, Americans might reject deep community ties. This perspective has persisted, suggesting that before democracy, people were more connected in communal ties.
Despite the emphasis on individualism, significant moments of cooperation — like the New Deal and the rise of organizations that helped Americans during crises — are often overlooked. Currently, a wave of discourse prioritizing mental health is emerging, with diverse voices advocating for community connections.
Art also reflects perceptions of solitude. The Hudson River School depicted humans as small against vast landscapes, highlighting the tension between human existence and nature. This theme continues in Hollywood Westerns, music, and artworks like Edward Hopper’s “Nighthawks,” which captures the essence of loneliness and urban disconnection.
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